Carnosol health benefit and review of published trials

Carnosol, a major component of Rosmarinus officinalis, is a phenolic diterpene that has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Carnosic acid is also found in rosemary herb.

Carnosic acid and carnosol potently inhibit human 5-lipoxygenase and suppress pro-inflammatory responses of stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Jul 1; Poeckel D, Greiner C, Verhoff M, Rau O, Tausch L, Hörnig C, Steinhilber D, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Werz O. Department of Pharmaceutical Analytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol are phenolic diterpenes present in several labiate herbs like Rosemary and Sage. Extracts of these plants exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, but the underlying mechanisms are largely undefined. We found that CA and carnosol inhibit the formation of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes in intact PMNL as well as purified recombinant 5-lipoxygenase. Both CA and carnosol  potently antagonise intracellular Ca(lcium mobilisation induced by a chemotactic stimulus. Our findings provide a pharmacological basis for the anti-inflammatory properties reported for CS- and carnosol containing extracts.

Studies on the chemical constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiz of Lijiang
Zhong Yao Cai. 2008 Feb; The Key Laboratory of Criminal Science and Forensic Technology, Yunnan Police Officer College, Kunming 650223, China.
To study chemical constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiz of Lijiang. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as: ferlalic acid; O-hydroxybenzoic acid; protocatechualdehyde; beta-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-lactic acid; ursolic acid; 6,7-dimethoxy-5,4'-dihydroxy-flavonol-3-O-glucoside; carnosol; tanshinone II(A); tanshinone I; 5,6-dehydrosugiol; crypotanshinone.

Carnosol, a component of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) protects nigral dopaminergic neuronal cells.
Neuroreport. 2006 Nov 6; Department of Biotechnology, Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
We investigated the protective effects of carnosol on rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in cultured dopaminergic cells. Results showed that cell viability was significantly improved with carnosol through downregulation of caspase-3. Furthermore, carnosol significantly increased the tyrosine hydroxylase, Nurr1, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. These results suggest that carnosol may have potential as a possible compound for the development of new agents to treat Parkinson's disease.

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